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A practical checklist for small and medium businesses: your public IP, static addresses, CGNAT, DNS, email records, TLS certificates and IPv6 — with a tool for each step.
How IP addresses and AS numbers reach UAE organisations, which networks announce the most space, and how much of it is protected by RPKI — from our own data.
Why IP location services put most UAE connections in Dubai or Abu Dhabi, what the registry and the routing table say instead, and how to get a wrong location corrected.
What websites see with a VPN on, how to check that it works, typical leaks, and what a VPN doesn't protect against.
IP address, headers, browser details and cookies: what is sent automatically, what needs your permission, and what you can limit.
Reverse DNS turns an IP address into a name. How the PTR record works, who controls it and why mail servers care.
No IPv6 address, IPv6 that exists but doesn't work, or sites that load slowly: a checklist from your device to your provider.
The protocol that ties networks together: prefixes, AS paths, how traffic finds its way, and why RPKI makes the internet safer.
Why a DNS change doesn't show everywhere at once, what TTL has to do with it, and how to plan a migration without downtime.
Why 255.255.255.0 and /24 are the same thing, how a mask separates network from host, and what wildcard masks are.
What your provider actually does, where it gets IP addresses, why a lookup may show another name than the brand you pay, and what it can see.
What an IP address really says about where you are, who can link it to you, and why 'IP tracing' in films is misleading.